The Disciples of Yeshua and Their Legacy (33 AD – 140 AD)
The First Generation (33 AD – 70 AD)
The Twelve and Their Closest Associates  

1. Shim’on Kepha (Simon Peter) (~?-64/67 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Leader of the Twelve.
Legacy: Shaped early church; mentored Mark.
Martyrdom: Crucified in Rome (~64–67 AD).

2. Andreas (Andrew) (~?-60/70 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Evangelized Scythia/Greece.
Martyrdom: Crucified in Patras (~60–70 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Early leader.
Martyrdom: Beheaded (44 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Language: Aramaic, later Greek.
Role: Apostle; oversaw Ephesus churches; wrote Gospel, 1 John, Revelation (disputed).
Legacy: Mentored Polycarp, Ignatius.
Death: Natural (~100 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Evangelized Samaria, Phrygia.
Martyrdom: Crucified (~80 AD).

6. Bar-Talmai (Bartholomew/Nathanael) (~?-60/70 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD); via Philip.
Role: Preached Armenia/India.
Martyrdom: Flayed (~60–70 AD).

7. Toma (Thomas) (~?-72 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Evangelized Parthia/India; tied to Edessa.
Martyrdom: Speared (~72 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Wrote Hebrew/Aramaic logia (possible).
Death: Uncertain.

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Supported Jerusalem church.
Martyrdom: Stoned (~62 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Preached Edessa/Persia; possibly Addai.
Martyrdom: Axed (~60–70 AD).

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Preached Persia/Africa.
Death: Uncertain.

12. ehudah Ish-Qriyot (Judas Iscariot) (~?-33 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Role: Betrayer.
Death: Suicide (33 AD).

After Judas Iscariot’s death:

Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (30–33 AD).
Chosen to replace Judas,
Role: preached in Ethiopia, Cappadocia, martyred.

The Seventy-Two (Appointed by Yeshua, Luke 10:1)

These figures were sent out between 30–33 AD, likely overlapping with some of the Twelve.

Priscilla & Aquila (~?-?)
Mentors: Paul (~50 AD); possibly Peter.
Role: Taught Apollos, key figures in early Gentile missions.
Death: Unknown.

Ya’aqov Tzaddiq (James the Just) (~?-62 AD)
Mentor: Yeshua (Jesus) (post-resurrection, 33 AD); Peter.
Role: Leader of Jerusalem believers.
Martyrdom: Stoned (~62 AD).

Stephanos (Stephen) (~?-34/35 AD)
Mentors: The Twelve (~34 AD).
Role: First martyr and deacon.
Martyrdom: Stoned (~34–35 AD).

Pilippos (Philip the Evangelist) (~?-?)
Mentors: The Twelve (~34 AD).
Role: Evangelized Samaria and baptized the Ethiopian eunuch.
Death: Unknown (post-70 AD).

Paul and His Disciples

Priscilla and Aquila: Who Were They?
 Priscilla (also Prisca) and Aquila were a married couple, prominent in the first generation of Jesus believers (33–70 AD), known for their partnership with Paul, their tentmaking trade, and their role in teaching and hosting early Christian communities. They’re not among the Twelve or Seventy-Two but are significant disciples in the broader sense—followers of Yeshua (Jesus) who spread his message.

Sha’ul (Paul of Tarsus) (5–67 AD)
Mentor: Ananias (34–36 AD); revelation from Yeshua (Jesus).
Role: Apostle to the Gentiles.
Martyrdom: Beheaded (~64–67 AD).

1. Markos (Mark/John Mark) (~?-68 AD)
Mentor: Peter (~50s AD); Barnabas (~46 AD).
Role: Wrote Gospel; founded Coptic Church.
Martyrdom: Dragged through Alexandria (~68 AD).

2. Luqas (Luke) (~?-80/90 AD)
Mentor: Paul (~50s–60s AD).
Role: Wrote Luke and Acts.
Death: Uncertain (~80–90 AD).

3. Timotiyos (Timothy) (~17–97 AD)
Mentor: Paul (~49 AD).
Role: Bishop of Ephesus.
Martyrdom: Stoned (~97 AD).

Silas (Silvanus) (~?-?)
Mentor: Paul (primary, 50 AD); later Peter (60s AD).
Language: Aramaic (Jerusalem origin), Greek.
Role: Missionary with Paul (Acts 15:40); co-authored 1 Peter (1 Peter 5:12).
Timeline: Active ~50–70 AD ( possibly beyond).
Evidence: 1 Peter 5:12 names Silas as Peter’s scribe or collaborator, suggesting mentorship after his time with Paul.
Legacy: Supported Peter’s outreach to Asia Minor churches.
Death: Unknown.


The Second Generation (70 AD – 140 AD)
John the Apostle and His Disciples

1. Polycarp of Smyrna (~69–155 AD)
Mentor: John the Apostle (~90s AD).
Role: Bishop of Smyrna.
Martyrdom: Burned (~155 AD).

Yochanan (John the Elder) (~?-130 AD?)
Mentor: Yochanan bar Zavdai (John the Apostle) (90s AD); or earlier disciples of Yeshua (Jesus) (70s–90s AD).
Role: Elder in Ephesus; wrote 2 John, 3 John, and Revelation (~95 AD).
Legacy: Mentored Papias; 2–3 John pastoral, but Revelation’s eternal torment (Revelation 14:10–11, 20:10) clashes with Tanakh’s annihilation (Psalm 37:20, Malachi 4:1) and Yeshua’s (Jesus’) fire as destruction (Matthew 25:41, John 15:6), suggesting Hellenistic influence.
Death: ~130 AD?.

2. Papias of Hierapolis (~60–130/140 AD)
Mentor: John the Apostle (~90s–100 AD) and John the Elder
Role: Bishop; preserved traditions.
Death: ~130–140 AD.

3. Ignatius of Antioch (~35–107 AD)
Mentor: John the Apostle (~90s AD).
Role: Bishop of Antioch; wrote epistles.
Martyrdom: Lions (~107 AD).

John the Elder: Who Did He Disciple

Papias of Hierapolis (~60–130/140 AD)
Mentor: John the Elder (~90s–100 AD) 
Role: Bishop of Hierapolis, a city near Ephesus in Asia Minor; authored Expositions of the Sayings of the Lord (lost, fragments survive via Eusebius).
Death: ~130–140 AD.

Peter’s Disciples

Clement of Rome (~?-99/101 AD)
Mentor: Peter (primary, 60s AD); also Paul (60s AD).
Language: Greek (Rome).
Role: Bishop of Rome; wrote 1 Clement (~96 AD), one of the earliest Christian texts outside Scripture.
Timeline: Active ~60s–101 AD.
Evidence: Tradition (e.g., Irenaeus, Against Heresies 3.3.3) links Clement to Peter and Paul; Tertullian (Prescription Against Heretics 32) says Peter ordained him. Philippians 4:3 may reference him as Paul’s coworker.
Legacy: Early church leadership; bridged apostolic era to 2nd century.
Martyrdom: Drowned or died naturally (~99–101 AD).

Markos (Mark/John Mark) (~?-68 AD)
Mentor: Peter (primary, 50s AD); also Barnabas (46 AD).
Language: Aramaic (Jerusalem roots), later Greek.
Role: Wrote the Gospel of Mark, traditionally based on Peter’s accounts; founded the Coptic Church in Egypt.
Timeline: Active ~46–68 AD.
Evidence: 1 Peter 5:13 calls Mark "my son," indicating a close mentorship. Early tradition (e.g., Papias via Eusebius, Church History 3.39.15) states Mark recorded Peter’s preaching in Rome.
Legacy: Preserved Peter’s eyewitness testimony.
Martyrdom: Dragged to death in Alexandria (~68 AD).

Silas (Silvanus) (~?-?)
Mentor: Paul (primary, 50 AD); later Peter (60s AD).
Language: Aramaic (Jerusalem origin), Greek.
Role: Missionary with Paul (Acts 15:40); co-authored 1 Peter (1 Peter 5:12).
Timeline: Active ~50–70 AD ( possibly beyond).
Evidence: 1 Peter 5:12 names Silas as Peter’s scribe or collaborator, suggesting mentorship after his time with Paul.
Legacy: Supported Peter’s outreach to Asia Minor churches.
Death: Unknown.