Between 33 AD and 140 AD, the teachings of Yeshua (Jesus) spread across the known world through the efforts of His Twelve disciples, the Seventy-Two, and many others. This list records all known individuals from that time who played a role in the early movement. Some were true disciples, directly taught by Yeshua. Others later claimed authority or created new directions in His name. We list them all here—with clear markers of who stayed true to the Hebrew teachings and who diverged.
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### **Section I: The Twelve Disciples and Closest Associates (33–70 AD)**
✅ *Direct Disciples of Yeshua*
1. **Shim’on Kepha (Simon Peter)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua (30–33 AD)
Role: Leader of the Twelve
Legacy: Shaped early community, mentored Mark
Martyrdom: Crucified in Rome (\~64–67 AD)
2. **Andreas (Andrew)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Evangelized Scythia and Greece
Martyrdom: Crucified in Patras (\~60–70 AD)
3. **Ya’aqov bar Zavdai (James, son of Zebedee)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Early leader
Martyrdom: Beheaded (44 AD)
4. **Yochanan bar Zavdai (John the Apostle)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Language: Aramaic, later Greek
Legacy: Oversaw churches in Ephesus; mentored Polycarp, Ignatius
Death: Natural (\~100 AD)
5. **Pilippos (Philip the Apostle)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Evangelized Samaria and Phrygia
Martyrdom: Crucified (\~80 AD)
6. **Bar-Talmai (Bartholomew/Nathanael)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua (via Philip)
Role: Preached in Armenia and India
Martyrdom: Flayed alive (\~60–70 AD)
7. **Toma (Thomas)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Evangelized Parthia and India; connected to Edessa
Martyrdom: Speared (\~72 AD)
8. **Mattityahu (Matthew/Levi)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Possibly wrote Hebrew/Aramaic logia
Death: Uncertain
9. **Ya’aqov bar Halfai (James, son of Alphaeus)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Supported Jerusalem church
Martyrdom: Stoned (\~62 AD)
10. **Taddai (Thaddaeus/Jude)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Preached in Edessa and Persia; possibly Addai
Martyrdom: Killed with an axe (\~60–70 AD)
11. **Shim’on ha-Qanna (Simon the Zealot)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Preached in Persia and Africa
Death: Uncertain
12. **Yehudah Ish-Qriyot (Judas Iscariot)** ⚠️
Mentor: Yeshua
Role: Betrayer
Death: Suicide (33 AD)
**Matthias (Mattityahu)** ✅
Chosen to replace Judas
Role: Preached in Ethiopia and Cappadocia
Martyrdom: Unknown
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### **Section II: The Seventy-Two & Other Early Followers (33–70 AD)**
✅ *Mentored by Yeshua or the Twelve*
* **Ya’aqov Tzaddiq (James the Just)** ✅
Mentor: Yeshua (post-resurrection), Peter
Role: Leader of Jerusalem believers
Martyrdom: Stoned (\~62 AD)
* **Stephanos (Stephen)** ✅
Mentor: The Twelve
Role: First martyr and deacon
Martyrdom: Stoned (\~34–35 AD)
* **Pilippos (Philip the Evangelist)** ✅
Mentor: The Twelve
Role: Evangelized Samaria; baptized the Ethiopian eunuch
Death: Unknown
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### **Section III: Paul and His Disciples (35–70 AD)**
⚠️ *Diverged from Hebrew Teachings — listed for historical record*
* **Sha'ul (Paul of Tarsus)** ⚠️
Mentor: Claimed vision of Yeshua
Role: Apostle to the Gentiles (not of the Twelve)
Legacy: Created a new path influenced by Greek-Roman worldview
📌 • Raised in a Greek-Hebrew hybrid culture
📌 • Trained under Pharisees using the Greek Septuagint
📌 • Banned the Name Yhwh and replaced Torah with oral law
Martyrdom: Beheaded (\~64–67 AD)
* **Markos (Mark/John Mark)** ⚠️
Mentor: Peter; also Barnabas
Legacy: Wrote Gospel; founded Coptic Church
Martyrdom: Dragged through streets of Alexandria (\~68 AD)
* **Luqas (Luke)** ⚠️
Mentor: Paul
Legacy: Wrote Luke and Acts (disputed authenticity)
Death: Unknown
* **Timotiyos (Timothy)** ⚠️
Mentor: Paul
Role: Bishop of Ephesus
Martyrdom: Stoned (\~97 AD)
* **Silas (Silvanus)** ⚠️
Mentor: Paul; later worked with Peter
Legacy: Assisted both Paul and Peter
Death: Unknown
* **Priscilla & Aquila** ⚠️
Mentors: Paul; possibly Peter
Legacy: Taught Apollos; house-church leaders
Death: Unknown
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### **Section IV: The Second Generation (70–140 AD)**
* **Polycarp of Smyrna** ✅
Mentor: John the Apostle
Role: Bishop of Smyrna
Martyrdom: Burned (\~155 AD)
* **Yochanan (John the Elder)** ⚠️
Mentor: John the Apostle or earlier disciples
Legacy: Possibly wrote 2 John, 3 John, Revelation (disputed)
Death: \~130 AD?
* **Papias of Hierapolis** ⚠️
Mentors: John the Apostle; John the Elder
Role: Bishop; collector of sayings
Death: \~130–140 AD
* **Ignatius of Antioch** ⚠️
Mentor: John the Apostle
Role: Bishop of Antioch; wrote letters later used by the Roman Church
Martyrdom: Eaten by lions (\~107 AD)
* **Clement of Rome** ⚠️
Mentors: Peter; also Paul
Role: Bishop of Rome; wrote 1 Clement (\~96 AD)
Death: Drowned or natural (\~99–101 AD)
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**📜 Closing Note**
We present all these figures in one place—not because all believed the same, but because their lives shaped history.
✅ Yeshua’s true disciples brought the Hebrew truth.
⚠️ Others took different paths—some aligning with Greek philosophy and Roman authority.
This record honors them all for transparency, truth, and deeper study.
All names transliterated to reflect their original Hebrew or Aramaic form when known.